Grain sorghum production handbook, kansas state university. Reddyb a department of plant and soil sciences, mississippi state university, box 9555, mississippi state, ms 39762, usa. Chromosome identification and nomenclature of sorghum bicolor. Sorghum is used for human nutrition all over the world 2, 6, 7, 10. Additional sorghum production information can be found at the united sorghum checkoff program website and. Within most developing countries, the sorghum crop rarely reaches the market. Paratillage was performed every third year after sorghum harvest when the soil profile was relatively dry. When you crop a pdf with multiple pages, it will only affect the. There are multiple cultivars of sorghum available for use as a cover crop including sorghumsudangrass hybrids sorghum bicolor. Over the last decade adoption of crop sequencing, particularly including chickpeas and long fallow combined with sorghum production, has substantially increased in the northern region. Part of the agronomy and crop sciences commons, food chemistry commons, and the food processing commons taylor, john r. Growers can design a farming system that effectively uses available soil moisture and takes advantage of seasonal opportunities. It is now widely cultivated in dry areas of africa, asia, the americas, europe and australia between latitudes of.
Sorghum is a staple food crop for millions of poor people in the semiarid tropics of africa and asia. Grain yield response and stability indices in sorghum. Forage sorghum is used as fodder for livestock and sweet sorghum is used for syrup production by crushing the harvested stalks of the crop. Evapotranspiration of corn and forage sorghum for silage. Sorghum is increasingly used as a biomass crop to meet worldwide societal expectations in terms of bioenergy regassa and wortmann, 2014. Despite its extensive use, sorghum is low in protein digestibility. Globally, it produces approximately 70 million tons of grain from about 50 million ha o f land. Information from the cgsrvp fields is used to improve and refine recommendations to meet the needs of arkansas grain sorghum farmers and identify areas which need additional research. Following this aggressive grass cover crop with a legume cover crop can be part of a plan for restoring soil health in overfarmed fields.
The crop s water requirements are greatest figure 3. For mac users that tool is pdfelement pro pdfelement pro. University of arizona, maricopa agricultural center mac. According to fao 1995 as reported by samm, 2009, sorghum is one of the most. In terms of tonnage, sorghum is africas second most important cereal. Notillage management of wheat residues prior to planting sorghum resulted in nearly an inch more stored water in the soil profile, which. It shares top billing with pearl millet in the drier zones and with maize in the wetter ones. Find sorghum stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. In 2006, corn was grown on the ne lysimeter field, and the forage sorghum was grown on. It is one of the important dryland crops grown in marginal soils and a source of feed, fodder. The continent produces about 20 million tonnes of sorghum per annum, about onethird of the world crop. The volume of sorghum produced in the united states reached a maximum in the 20152016 crop year at 15. Besides smothering weeds and adding organic matter to the soil, it can help penetrate compacted subsoil.
Globally, over half of all sorghum is used for human consumption. Economic information is collected on each cgsrvp field to estimate crop expenditures and returns. Since purdue has conducted relatively little agronomic research on this crop, links are provided to grain sorghum information from other states where the crop is grown more widely. In addition to these uses of the grain, sorghum crop residues and green plants also provide sources of animal feed, building material, and fuel for. Entries were evaluated for three crop years 19982000 at five locations in nigeria. L5439 sorghum tillage publications soil and crop sciences. In the main window, click open file and browse for the pdf document you would like to crop. Qtl mapping of a high protein digestibility trait in sorghum bicolor. Based on region, the market can be divided into north america, latin america, asia pacific, europe and middle east and africa. Here are four sorghum facts, courtesy of the donald danforth plant science center in st. This plant may be known by one or more common names in. A more detailed explanation of sorghumplant growth may be found in how a sorghum plant develops, kstate research and extension publication s3. A baseline scenario is established for each crop production system assuming businessas usual management practices described above. Sorghum is a relatively droughttolerant crop that can be produced over a range of irrigation levels, from rainfed dryland to deficit to full irrigation.
Cover crops, fertilizer nitrogen rates, and economic return. Dryland sorghum depletes soil moisture more than other crops. Smaller areas of sorghum are planted in the drier parts of morogoro fig 1. The appearance of grain sorghum at the panicle initiation growth stage.
Grain sorghum is treated as an annual in temperate regions, although it is a perennial grass and in the tropics may be harvested many times. How to crop a pdf on a mac computer in 5 simple steps business. Dec 28, 2016 if corns high input costs make you queasy, another grass crop exists that might fit some of your acres. Sorghum is used as a drought tolerant, summer annual rotational cover crop either alone or seeded in a warm season cover crop mixture. Selection of grain sorghum hybrids veteran sorghum producers remember going. Introduction, objectives, and scientific principles 2010. Mean yield of the sorghum genotypes and their stability indices. Sorghum production introduction sorghum sorghum bicolour l.
Of all africas cereal grains, sorghum is the most important. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. Vanderlip sorghums importance as a feed grain has increased in the u. Crop yields and ghg fluxes were simulated at the 0. It is often a feed grain of choice where irrigation capacity is limited. It is grown for home consumption unless there is a bumper crop, or if cash is needed. Its name comes from the fact that it is a hybrid, a cross between sorghums grown for forage and a type of grass called sudan grass or sudangrass, which is native to eastern. Forage sorghum production tips forage sorghum can be a good crop to use in rotations to break insect and disease cycles that may develop in continuous corn. Sorghum, sorghum bicolor, also called great millet, indian millet, milo, durra, orshallu, cereal grain plant of the grass family and its edible starchy seeds. Grain sorghum information purdue university agronomy extension.
Pdf performance of sorghum varieties under variable rainfall in. The plants ability to produce the flag leaf sheath and is supported by the portion respectable yields under adverse growing conditions of the stalk called the peduncle. Grain sorghum, mabele, amazimba, amabele origin and distribution sorghum is the 5th most important grain crop after wheat, maize, rice and barley. Combine header equipment options for downed grain sorghum 2014 compiled by calvin trostle, ph. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Moench is one of the five most important cereal crops in the world. Combine header equipment options for downed grain sorghum2014 compiled by calvin trostle, ph.
Sorghum production has since decreased to around 9. June was a blessing for these crops, blackburn said while making his way through a sorghum field he said he measured feet high. Combine header equipment options for downed grain sorghum 2014. In the usa, australia and south america, sorghum is grown mainly for animal feed. However, these figures do not do justice to the importance of sorghum in africa. To crop a pdf, you first select the area you want to keep, and then discard the rest. The main importers of sorghum are japan, mexico, the former ussr cis and venezuela. To manage the sorghum crop for maximum production, the producer must understand how the plant grows and develops and what factors affect its growth, development, and nutrient. The previous crop in 2005 was irrigated grain sorghum.
To include sorghum in a book on lost crops, on the face of it, seems like a gross mistake. Sorghum market size, price trends industry share report 2026. There are multiple cultivars of sorghum available for use as a cover crop including sorghum sudangrass hybrids sorghum bicolor. However, receding corn prices are causing farmers in these areas to reconsider sorghum, another grass crop thats grown worldwide. After all, the plant is africas contribution to the worlds top crops. Jan 25, 2017 a few years ago, high corn prices pushed this widely grown grass crop into traditional sorghum growing areas. College station, texas 77845 and department of soil and crop sciences. The trade in sorghum is small compared with the major grains such as wheat, maize, barley and rice. By the early 1900s, grain sorghum was recognized as a drought tolerant crop that would outperform corn in the arid regions of the southern great plains. Showemimo grain yield response and stability indices in sorghum 71 table 3. This pdf tool is designed to help you easily manage all aspects of the pdf including cropping sections of it. As the fifth most abundant crop worldwide 2 and the third most economically. The forage sorghum hybrid was a brown mid rib variety that reportedly has a higher digestibility bean et al.
Moench is a model c4 cereal for both basic and applied research. The latter is especially true in the more drought prone areas of south africa where. A multipurpose bioenergy crop 7 sorghum grai ns a re gluten f ree and with a h igh potential to be used as an alternative to wheat our for the celi ac sprue market liu e t al. Sorghumsudan grass, or sorghum sudangrass, is a fastgrowing cover crop with an extensive root system that thrives in the heat of summer. The name sweet sorghum is used to identify varieties of sorghum, sorghum bicolor l. Sorghumsudangrass is also a good cover crop choice if you are trying to improve wornout soils. Map of tanzania, showing districts and major cities. Both crops are primarily sown in the semiarid regions of dodoma, singida, shinyanga, mwanza, mara, lindi, and mtwara. If corns high input costs make you queasy, another grass crop exists that might fit some of your acres. Pdf rainfall variability has a significant impact on crop production with manifestations. Sorghum is cultivated for grain and as a major food crop in much of south asia, africa, and central america. It is a major crop for many poor farmers, especially in africa, central america, and south asia.
While sorghum tolerates dry and hot weather, it will as any crop take advantage of water such as the unusual downpours experienced by the region in june. Commercialization prospects for sorghum and pearl millet in. Sorghum sudangrass is also a good cover crop choice if you are trying to improve wornout soils. Plant 1 to 2 inches deep about 10 to 15 inches apart in rows 24 to 36 inches apart. The plant likely originated in africa, where it is a major food crop, and has numerous varieties, including grain sorghums, used for food. A few years ago, high corn prices pushed this widely grown grass crop into traditional sorghum growing areas. Sorghum, like many grains, has a diversity of uses, including human consumption and animal feed. Moench is a crop indigenous to africa, where it appears to have been domesticated in ethiopia about 5 000 years ago. Sorghum in crop rotations sorghum readily follows other crops in rotations, but crops following sorghum may have problems, especially if a winter grain is planted shortly after sorghum is harvested in the fall. It is the only viable food grain for many of the worlds most food insecure people. Pdf shortening breeding cycle of sorghum, a model crop for. Sorghum and sudangrass are warm season grass cover crops that can provide good weed suppression, grazing and forge supply, in addition to the soil structure improvements that can be. Although welladapted to indiana climate and soils, grain sorghum is a minor crop in the state. Demand for sorghum and pearl millet as major food, feed and fodder crop continues to increase globally.